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Qin (state)
Qin (; Old Chinese: *'; Wade-Giles: Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted expansion and development that was unavailable to its rivals in the North China Plain. Following extensive Legalistic reform in the 3rd century , Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers of the Seven Warring States and unified China in 221 under Shi Huangdi. The empire it established was short-lived but greatly influential on later Chinese history.
Though disliked by many Confucians of its time for "dangerously lacking in Confucian scholars," Professor John Knoblock summarizes Realist Confucian Xun Kuang as writing of the later Legalist Qin that "'its topographical features are inherently advantageous,' and that its manifold natural resources gave it remarkable inherent strength. Its people were unspoiled and exceedingly deferential; its officers unfailingly respectful, earnest, reverential, loyal, and trustworthy; and its high officials public-spirited, intelligent, and assiduous in the execution of the duties of their position. Its courts and bureaus functioned without delays and with such smoothness that it was as if there were no government at all. In all these respects, generally conceded to be the result of (Legalist) Shang Yang's philosophy, the government of Qin was said to be like that of antiquity."〔John Knoblock Xunzi p.29 ("Qiangguo," 16.6).〕
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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